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Articles in Indian Constitution







PART
ARTICLES
SUBJECT
I
1-4
The Union & its Territory
II
5-11
Citizenship
III
FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS

12
Definition
13
Laws inconsistent with or in derogation of the fundamental rights
RIGHT TO EQUALITY
14
Equality before law
15
Prohibition of discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth
16
Equality of opportunity in matters of public employment
17
Abolition of untouchability
18
Abolition of Titles
RIGHT TO FREEDOM
19
Protection of certain rights regarding freedom of speech etc.,
20
Protection in respect of conviction for offences
21
Protection of life & personal liberty
21A
Right to Education
22
Protection against arrest & detention in certain areas
RIGHT AGAINST EXPLOITATION
23
Prohibition of traffic in human beings & forced labour
24
Prohibition of employment of children in factories etc.,
RIGHT TO FREEDOM OF RELIGION
25
Freedom of conscience & free profession, practice & propagation of religion
26
Freedom to manage religious affairs
27
Freedom as to payment of taxes for promotion of any particular religion
28
Freedom as to attendance at religious instruction or religious worship in certain educational institutions
CULTURAL & EDUCATIONAL RIGHTS
29
Protection of interests of minorities
30
Right of minorities to establish & administer educational institutions
SAVING OF CERTAIN LAWS
31A
Saving of laws providing for acquisition of estates etc.,
31B
Validation of certain Acts & Regulations
31C
Saving of laws giving effect to certain directive principles
RIGHT TO CONSTITUTIONAL REMEDIES
32
Remedies for enforcement of rights conferred by this part
33
Power of Parliament to modify the rights conferred by this part in their application to forces etc.,
34
Restriction on rights conferred by this Part while martial law is in force in any area
35
Legislation to give effect to the provisions of this part
IV
DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLES OF STATE POLICY
36
Definition
37
Application of the principles contained in this part
38
State to secure a social order for the promotion of welfare of the people
39
Certain principles of policy to be followed by the state
39A
Equal justice & free legal aid
40
Organization of village Panchayats
41
Right to work, to education & to public assistance in certain areas
42
Provision for just & humane conditions of work & maternity relief
43
Living wage etc., for workers
43A
Participation of workers in management of industries
43B
The state shall endeavour to promote voluntary formation, autonomous functioning, democratic control & professional management of co-operative societies
44
Uniform civil code for the citizens
45
Provisions for early childhood care & education to children below the age of six
46
Promotion of educational & economic interest of scheduled castes, scheduled tribe & other weaker sections
47
Duty of the state to raise the level of nutrition & the standard of living & to improve public health
48
Organization of agriculture & animal husbandry
48A
Protection & improvement of environment & safeguarding of forests & wild life
49
Protection of monuments & places & objects of national importance
50
Separation of Judiciary from executive
51
Promotion of international peace & security
IVA
51A
FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES
V
THE UNION
CHAPTER-I:- THE EXECUTIVE
52
The President of India
53
Executive power of the union
54
Election of President
55
Method of election of president
56
Term of office of President
57
Eligibility for re-election
58
Qualifications for election as president
59
Conditions of President’s office
60
Oath or affirmation by the President
61
Procedure for impeachment of the President
62
Time of holding election to fill vacancy in the office of President and the term of office
63
The Vice-President of India
64
The Vice-President to be ex-officio chairman of the council of states
65
The Vice-President to act as President or to discharge his functions during casual vacancies in the office, or during the absence of President
66
Election of Vice-President
67
Term of office of Vice-President
68
Time of holding election to fill vacancy in the office of Vice-President and the term of office of person elected to fill casual vacancy
69
Oath or affirmation by the Vice-President
70
Discharge of President’s functions in other contingencies
71
Matters relating to, or connected with, election of a President or Vice-President
72
Power of President to grant pardons, etc., and to suspend, remit or commute sentences in certain cases
73
Extent of executive power of the union
74
Council of ministers to aid & advise President
75
Other provisions as to Ministers
76
Attorney General for India
77
Conduct of business of the Government of India
78
Duties of Prime minister as respects the furnishing of information to the President etc.
CHAPTER-II: - PARLIAMENT
79
Constitution of Parliament
80
Composition of the council of states( Rajya Sabha)
81
Composition of the house of the people (Lok Sabha)
82
83
Duration of houses of parliament
84
Qualification for membership of Parliament
85
Sessions of Parliamentt, prorogation & dissolution
86
Right of president to address & send messages to houses
87
Special address by the president
88
Rights of ministers & Attorney general as respects houses
89
The chairman & Deputy Chairman of the council of states
90
Vacation & resignation of, & removal from, the office of Deputy Chairman
91
Power of the Deputy Chairman or other person to perform the duties of the office of, or to act as, Chairman
92
The Chairman or the Deputy Chairman not to preside while a resolution for his removal from office is under consideration
93
The Speaker and Deputy Speaker of the House of the People
94
Vacation and resignation of, and removal from, the offices of and Deputy Speaker
95
Power of the Deputy Speaker or other person to perform the duties of the office of, or to act as, Speaker
96
The Speaker or the Deputy Speaker not to preside while a resolution from office is under consideration
97
Salaries and allowances of the Chairman and Deputy Chairman and the Speaker and Deputy Speaker
98
Secretariat of Parliament
99
Oath or affirmation by members
100
Voting in Houses, power of Houses to act notwithstanding vacancies and quorum
101
Vacancy of seats (members)
102
Disqualifications of membership
103
Decision on questions as to disqualifications of members
104
Penalty for sitting and voting before main oath or affirmation under article 99 or when not qualified or when disqualified
105
Powers, privileges, etc., of the Houses of Parliament and of the members and committees thereof
106
Salaries and allowances of members
107
Provisions as to introduction & passing of bills
108
Joint sitting of both houses in certain areas
109
Special procedure in respect of Money Bills
110
Definition of ‘Money Bills’
111
Assent to Bills
112
Annual financial statement (Budget)
113
Procedure in parliament with respect to estimates
114
Appropriation Bills
115
Supplementary, additional or excess grants
116
Votes on account, votes of credit & exceptional grants
117
Special provisions as to financial Bills
118
Rules of procedure
119
Regulation by law of procedure in parliament in relation to financial business
120
Language to be used in Parliament.
121
Restriction on discussion in Parliament
122
Courts not to inquire into proceedings of Parliament
CHAPTER-III:- LEGISLATIVE POWERS OF THE PRESIDENT
123
Power of president to promulgate ordinances during recess of parliament
CHAPTER-IV:- THE UNION JUDICIARY
124
Establishment and Constitution of Supreme Court
125
Salaries etc. of Judges
126
Appointment of acting Chief Justice
127
Appointment of ad hoc judges
128
Attendance of retired Judges at sittings of the Supreme Court
129
Supreme court to be a court of record
130
Seat of supreme court
131
Original jurisdiction of the Supreme Court
131A
[Repealed]
132
Appellate jurisdiction of Supreme Court in Appeals from High Courts in certain cases
133
Appellate jurisdiction of Supreme Court in appeals from High Courts in regard to civil matters
134
Appellate of jurisdiction of Supreme Court in regard to criminal matters
134A
Certificate for appeal to the Supreme Court
135
Jurisdiction and powers of the Federal Court under existing law to be exercisable by the Supreme Court
136
Special leave to appeal by the Supreme Court
137
Review of judgments or orders by the Supreme Court
138
Enlargement of the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court
139
Conferment on the Supreme Court of powers to issue certain writs
139A
Transfer of certain cases
140
Ancillary powers of Supreme Court
141
Law declared by Supreme Court to be binding on all courts
142
Enforcement of decrees and orders of Supreme Court and orders as to discovery, etc.
143
Power of President to consult Supreme Court
144
Civil and judicial authorities to act in aid of the Supreme Court
144A
[Repealed]
145
Rules of Court, etc.
146
Officers & servants & the expenses of the Supreme Court
147
Interpretation
CHAPTER-V:- COMPTROLLER & AUDITOR-GENERAL OF INDIA
148
Comptroller & Auditor-General of India
149
Duties and powers of the Comptroller and Auditor-General
150
Form of accounts of the Union & the states
151
Audit Reports
VI
THE STATES
CHAPTER-I:- GENERAL
152
Definition
CHAPTER-II:- THE EXECUTIVE
153
Governors of state
154
Executive power of state
155
Appointment of Governor
156
Term of office of Governor
157
Qualifications for Appointment as Governor
158
Conditions of Governor's office
159
Oath or affirmation by the Governor
160
Discharge of the functions of the Governor in certain contingencies
161
Power of Governor to grant pardons, etc., and to suspend, remit 161 or commute sentences in certain cases
162
Extent of executive power of State
COUNCIL OF MINISTERS
163
Council of Ministers to aid and advise Governor
164
Other provisions as to Ministers
165
Advocate-General for the state
CONDUCT OF GOVERNMENT BUSINESS
166
Conduct of Business of the Government of a State
167
Duties of Chief Minister as respects furnishing of information to Governor, etc.
CHAPTER-III:- THE STATE LEGISLATURE
168
Constitution of Legislatures in States
169
Abolition or creation of Legislative Councils in States
170
Composition of the Legislative Assemblies
171
Composition of the Legislative Councils
172
Duration of State Legislatures
173
Qualification for membership of the State Legislature
174
Sessions of the State Legislature prorogation and dissolution
175
Right of Governor to address and send messages to the House or Houses
176
Special address by the Governor
177
Rights of Ministers and Advocate-General as respects the Houses
OFFICERS OF THE STATE LEGISLATURE
178
The speaker and Deputy Speaker of the Legislative Assembly
179
Vacation and resignation of and removal from the offices of Speaker and Deputy Speaker
180
Power of the Deputy Speaker or other person to perform the duties of the office of or to act as, Speaker
181
The Speaker or the Deputy Speaker not to preside while a resolution for his removal from office is under consideration
182
The Chairman and Deputy Chairman of the Legislative Council
183
Vacation and resignation of, and removal from, the offices of Chairman and Deputy Chairman
184
Power of the Deputy Chairman or other person to perform the duties of the office of, or to act as, Chairman
185
The Chairman or the Deputy Chairman not to preside while a resolution for his removal from office is under consideration
186
Salaries and allowances of the Speaker and Deputy Speaker and the Chairman and Deputy Chairman
187
Secretariat of State Legislature
188
Oath or affirmation by members
189
Voting in Houses, power of Houses to act notwithstanding vacancies and quorum
DISQUALIFICATION OF MEMBERS
190
Vacation of Seats
191
Disqualification of membership
192
Decision on question as to disqualifications of members
193
Penalty for sitting and voting before maing oath or affirmation under article 188 or when not qualified or when disqualified
194
Powers, privileges, etc., of the Houses of Legislatures and of the members and committees thereof
195
Salaries and allowances of members
LEGISLATIVE PROCEDURES
196
Provisions as to introduction and passing of Bills
197
Restriction on powers of Legislative Council as to Bills other than Money Bills
198
Special procedure in respect of Money Bills
199
Definition of ‘Money Bills’
200
Assent to Bills
201
Bills reserved for consideration
PROCEDURE IN FINANCIAL MATTERS
202
Annual Financial Statement
203
Procedure in Legislature with respect to estimates
204
Appropriation Bills
205
Supplementary, additional or excess grants
206
Votes on account, votes of credit and exceptional grants
207
Special provisions as to financial Bills
PROCEDURE GENERALLY
208
Rules of procedure
209
Regulation by law procedure in the Legislature of the State in relation to
210
Language to be used in the Legislature
211
Restriction on discussion in the Legislature
212
Courts not to inquire into proceedings of the Legislature
CHAPTER –IV: - LEGISLATIVE POWER OF THE GOVERNOR
213
Power of Governor to promulgate Ordinances during recess of Legislature
CHAPTER-V:- THE HIGH COURTS IN THE STATE
214
High courts for states
215
High courts to be courts of record
216
Constitution of High courts
217
Appointment and condition of the office of a Judge of a High Court
218
Application of certain provisions relating to Supreme Court to High Courts
219
Oath or affirmation by Judges of High Courts
220
Restriction on practice after being a permanent Judge
221
Salaries, etc., of Judges
222
Transfer of a Judge from one High Court to another
223
Appointment of acting Chief Justice
224
Appointment of additional and acting Judges
224A
Appointment of retired Judges at sittings of High Courts
225
Jurisdiction of existing High Courts
226
Power of High Courts to issue certain writs
226A
[Repealed]
227
Power of superintendence over all courts by the High Court
228
Transfer of certain cases to High Court
228A
[Repealed]
229
Officers and servants and the expenses of High Courts
230
Extension jurisdiction of High Courts to Union territories
231
Establishment of a common High Court for two or more States
CHAPTER-VI: - SUBORDINATE COURTS
233
Appointment of District judges
233A
Validation of appointments of, and judgments, etc., delivered by, certain district judges
234
Recruitment of persons other than district judges to the judicial service
235
Control over subordinate courts
236
Interpretation
237
Application of the provisions of this Chapter to certain class or classes of magistrates
VIII
THE UNION TERRITORY
239
Administration of Union territories
239A
Creation of local Legislatures or Council of Ministers or both for certain Union territories
239AA
Special provisions with respect to Delhi
239AB
Provisions in case of failure of constitutional machinery
239B
Power of administrator to promulgate Ordinances during recess of Legislature
240
Power of President to make regulation for certain Union territories
241
High Courts for Union territories
242
[Repealed]
IX
243 to 243-O
THE PANCHAYATS
IXA
243-P to 243-ZG
THE MUNICIPALITIES
IXB
243-ZH to 243-ZT
THE CO-OPERATIVE SOCIETIES
X
THE SCHEDULED & TRIBAL AREAS
244
Administration of Scheduled Areas and Tribal Areas
244A
Formation of an autonomous State comprising certain tribal areas in Assam and creation of local Legislation or Council of Ministers or both therefor
XI
RELATIONS BETWEEN THE UNION & THE STATES
CHAPTER-I: - LEGISLATIVE RELATIONS
245
Extent of laws made by Parliament and by the Legislatures of States
246
Subject-matter of laws made by Parliament and by the Legislatures of States
247
Power of Parliament to provide for the establishment of certain additional courts
248
Residuary power of legislation
249
Power of parliament to legislate with respect to a matter in the State List in the national interest
250
Power of Parliament with respect to any matter in the State List if a Proclamation of Emergency is in operation
251
Inconsistency between laws made by parliament under articles 249 and 250 and laws made by the Legislatures of States
252
Power of Parliament to legislate for two or more States by consent and adoption of such legislation by any other State
253
Legislation for giving effect to international agreements
254
Inconsistency between laws made by Parliament and laws made by the Legislatures of States
255
Requirements as to recommendations & previous sanctions to be regarded as matters of procedure only
CHAPTER-II:- ADMINISTRATIVE RELATIONS
256
Obligation of states & the Union
257
Control of the Union over states in certain areas
257A
[Repealed]
258
Power of the Union to confer powers, etc., on States in certain cases
258A
Power of the States to entrust functions to the Union
259
[Repealed]
260
Jurisdiction of the Union in relation to territories outside India
261
Public acts, records and judicial proceedings
262
Adjudication of disputes relating to waters of inter-State rivers or river valleys
263
Provisions with respect to an inter-State Council
XII
FINANCE, PROPERTY, CONTRACTS & SUITS
264 to 267
General
268 to 281
Distribution of Revenues b/w the union & the states
282 to 291
Miscellaneous Financial provisions
292
Borrowing by the government of India
293
Borrowing by states
294
Succession to property, assets, rights, liabilities and obligations in certain cases
295
Succession to property, assets, rights, liabilities and obligations in other cases
296
Property accruing by escheat or lapse or as bona vacantia
297
Things of value within territorial waters or continental shelf and resources of the exclusive economic zone to vest in the Union
298
Power to carry on trade, etc.
299
Contracts
300
Suits & proceedings
300A
RIGHT TO PROPERTY-Persons not be deprived of property save by authority of law
XIII
TRADE, COMMERCE & INTERCOURSE WITHIN INDIA
301
Freedom of trade commerce and intercourse
302
Power of Parliament to impose restrictions on trade, commerce and intercourse
303
Restrictions on the legislative powers of the Union and of the States with regard to trade and commerce
304
Restriction on trade, commerce and intercourse among States
305
Saving of existing laws and laws providing for State monopolies
306
[Repealed]
307
Appointment of authority for carrying out the purposes of articles 301 to 304
XIV
< SERVICES UNDER THE UNION & THE STATES
CHAPTER-I:- SERVICES
308
Interpretation
309
Recruitment and conditions of service of persons serving the Union or a State
310
Tenure of office of persons serving the Union or a State
311
Dismissal, removal or reduction in rank of persons employed in civil capacities under the Union or a State
312
All India services
312A
Power of Parliament to vary or revoke conditions of services of officers of certain services
313
Transitional provisions
314
[Repealed]
CHAPTER-II:- PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSIONS
315
Public Service Commissions for the Union and for the States
316
Appointment and term of office of members
317
Removal and suspension of a member of a Public Service Commission
318
Power to make regulations as to conditions of service of members and staff of the Commission
319
Prohibition as to the holding of offices by members of Commission on ceasing to be such members
320
Functions of Public Service Commission
321
Power to extend functions of Public Service Commissions
322
Expenses of Public Service Commissions
323
Reports of Public Service Commissions
XIVA
TRIBUNALS
323A
Administrative Tribunals
323B
Tribunals for other matters
XV
ELECTIONS
324
Superintendence, direction and control of elections to be vested in an Election Commission
325
No person to be ineligible for inclusion in, or to claim to be included in a special, electoral roll on grounds of religion, race, caste or sex
326
Elections to the House of the People and to the Legislative Assemblies of States to be on the basis of adult suffrage
327
Power of Parliament to make provision with respect to elections to Legislatures
328
Power of Legislature of a State to make provision with respect to elections to such Legislature
329
Bar to interference by courts in electoral matters
329A
[Repealed]
XVI
SPECIAL PROVISIONS FOR CERTAIN CLASSES
330
Reservation of seats for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in the House of the People
331
Representation of the Anglo-Indian community in the House of the People
332
Reservation of seats for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in the Legislative Assemblies of the States
333
Representation of the Anglo-Indian community in the Legislative Assemblies of the States
334
Reservation of seats and special representation to cease after [fifty years]
335
Claims of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes to services and posts
336
Special provision for Anglo-Indian community in certain services
337
Special provision with respect to educational grants for the benefit of Anglo-Indian community
338
National Commission for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes
339
Control of the Union over the Administration of Scheduled Areas and the welfare of Scheduled Tribes
340
Appointment of a Commission to investigate the conditions of backward classes
341
Scheduled Castes
342
Scheduled Tribes
XVII
OFFICIAL LANGUAGES
CHAPTER-I: - LANGUAGE OF THE UNION
343
Official language of the union
344
Commission & committee of Parliament on official language
CHAPTER-II:- REGIONAL LANGUAGES
345
Official language or languages of a state
346
Official language for communication between one State and another or between a State and the Union
347
Special provision relating to language spoken by a section of the population of State
CHAPTER-III:-LANGUAGE OF THE SUPREME COURT, HIGH COURTS ETC.
348
Language to be used in the supreme Court and in the High Courts and for Acts, Bills, etc.
349
Special procedure for enactment of certain laws relating to language
CHAPTER-IV:- SPECIAL DIRECTIVES
350
Language to be used in representations for redress of grievances
350A
Facilities for instruction in mother-tongue at primary stage
350B
Special Officer for linguistic minorities
351
Directive for development of the Hindi language
XVIII
EMERGENCY PROVISIONS
352
Proclamation of Emergency
353
Effect of proclamation of Emergency
354
Application of provisions relating to distribution of revenues while a Proclamation of Emergency is in operation
355
Duty of the Union to protect States against external aggression and internal disturbance
356
Provisions in case of failure of constitutional machinery in States
357
Exercise of legislative powers under Proclamation issued under article 356
358
Suspension of provisions of article 19 during emergencies
359
Suspension of the enforcement of the rights conferred by Part III during emergencies
359A
[Repealed]
360
Provisions as to financial emergency
XIX
MISCELLANEOUS
361
Protection of President and Governors and Rajpramukhs
361A
Protection of publication and Proceedings of parliament and State legislatures
362
[Repealed]
363
Bar to interference by courts in disputes arising out of certain treaties, agreements, etc.
363A
Recognition granted to Rulers of Indian States to cease and privy purses to be abolished
364
Special provisions as to major ports and aerodromes
365
Effect of failure to comply with, or to give effect to directions given by the union
366
Definition
367
Interpretation
XX
368
AMENDMENT OF THE CONSTITUTION
XXI
TEMPORARY, TRANSITIONAL & SPECIAL PROVISIONS
369
Temporary power to Parliament to make laws with respect to certain matters in the State List as if they were matters in the Concurrent List
370
Temporary provisions with respect to the State of Jammu and Kashmir
371
Special provision with respect to the States of Maharashtra and Gujarat
371A
Special provision with respect to the State of Nagaland
371B
Special provision with respect to the State of Assam
371C
Special provision with respect to the State of Manipur
371D
Special provisions with respect to the State of Andhra Pradesh
371E
Establishment of Central University in Andhra Pradesh
371F
Special provisions with respect to the State of Sikkim
371G
Special provision with respect to the State of Mizoram
371H
Special provision with respect to the State of Arunachal Pradesh
371I
Special provision with respect to the State of Goa
372
Continuance in force of existing laws and their adaptation
372A
Power of the President to adapt laws
373
Power of President to make order in respect of persons under preventive detention in certain cases
374
Provisions as to Judges of the Federal Court and proceedings pending in the Federal Court or before His Majesty in Council
375
Courts, authorities and officers to continue to function subject to the provisions of the Constitution
376
Provisions as to Judges of High Courts
377
Provisions as to Comptroller and Auditor-General of India
378
Provisions as to Public Service Commissions
378A
Special provision as to duration of Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly
379 to 391
[Repealed]
392
Power of the president to remove difficulties
XXII
SHORT TITLE, COMMENCEMENT, AUTHORITATIVE TEXT IN HINDI & REPEALS
393
Short Title
394
Commencement
394A
Authoritative text in the Hindi language
395
Repeals